Why do Europeans and Americans see the world so differently? Why do Europeans and Americans have such different understandings of democracy? Contrasting the civilization that produced the starkly modernist "cube" of the Great Arch of La Défense in Paris with the civilization that produced the “cathedral” of Notre-Dame, George Weigel argues that Europe's embrace of a narrow secularism has led to a crisis that is eroding Europe's soul and threatening its future—with dire lessons for the rest of the democratic world. Weigel traces the origins of the atheistic humanism of 19th-century European intellectual life, which set in motion a historical process that produced two world wars, three totalitarian systems, the Gulag, Auschwitz, the Cold War—and, most ominously, the Continent's de-population, which is worse today than during the Black Death. And yet, many Europeans still insist that only a public square shorn of religiously-informed moral argument is safe for human rights and democracy. Precisely the opposite, Weigel suggests, is true: the people of the “cathedral” can give a compelling account of their commitment to everyone's freedom; the people of the “cube” cannot. In the final analysis, societies are only as great as their spiritual aspirations.